The electric field distribution in the unit cell for a wavelength with the highest reflectivity (λ 0.99 μm) is also presented in Fig.1 showed that the result considering an input wave from the bottom side is the same. The authors calculation for the structure of Fig.The physical basis of the high reflectivity will be understood by the GMR for the leaky modes in the grating structure as discussed comprehensively in.The 90° rotational symmetry of the structure secures the polarization-independent reflectivity.Figure 1 shows their HCG structure, which consists of a semiconductor 2D grating, a low refractive index layer, and a semiconductor substrate.The twodimensional (2D) periodic islands structure requires a low-index supporting material such as SiO2 under the grating, which needs film depositions additional to the crystal growth.These structures are not suitable for VCSELs because of the complexity in fabrication.To apply HCGs to polarization-bistable VCSELs, the reflectivity has to be polarization independent.When it is used for a broadband reflector instead of a DBR in VCSELs, the effective cavity length can be significantly reduced, which could contribute to faster modulation.Recently, high-index contrast gratings (HCGs) featuring broadband reflectivity and being much thinner than conventional distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been proposed and vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers exploiting the HCG have been demonstrated.
We also investigated the fabrication tolerances of the structure and found that, assuming careful optimizations of electron beam lithography for the precise grating width and dry-etching for the vertical sidewall, the suggested polarization-independent HCG can be fabricated using standard technologies. We optimized the structure to have a broad and high reflectivity band centered at around 1 μm using a finite difference time domain method, and obtained an 80 nm high reflectivity band centered at 0.97 μm in which the reflectivity exceeded 99.5%. Since the cross stripes structure can be suspended in air by selectively wet-etching the layer below, all the layers can be grown at once when implemented for vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers.
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Internal applications, then our B2B based Bizapedia Pro API™ might be the answer for you.TL DR: The fabrication tolerances of the structure are investigated and it is found that, assuming careful optimizations of electron beam lithography for the precise grating width and dry-etching for the vertical sidewall, the suggested polarization-independent HCG can be fabricated using standard technologies.Ībstract: A polarization-independent, high-index contrast grating (HCG) with a single layer of cross stripes allowing simple fabrication is proposed. If you are looking for something more than a web based search utility and need to automate company and officer searches from within your
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